出投笔记 -
since的用法：
一．Since作为介词，后接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如：
1、He left the village in 1982 and I haven"t seen him since then.1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。
2、She"s been working in a bank since leaving school.她中学毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。
3.He had spoken to her only once since the party. 自从那次聚会以来，他只跟她说过一次话。
二．Since作为副词，表示从过去以来、以后或到现在的情形或状态，常与现在完成时态连用。例如：
1．He left home two weeks ago and we haven"t heard from him since. 他两周前离开了家，到现在我们一直没有他的消息。
2．He came to Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here (ever) since.他6年前来到镇江，从此便住在这里。
三．since引导原因状语从句
作为连词，since可引导原因状语从句，表示因为；既然；鉴于：例如：
1． He didn"t come since he was busy.他因为忙，所以没有来。
2． Since this method doesn"t work,let"s try anoter.既然这种方法不行，我们就试用另一种吧。
四．Since引导时间状语从句
1．若since引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。例如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
2．若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作或状态结束时算起”。例如：
I haven"t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，所以这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
3．若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。例如：I haven"t heard from him since he has lived there。 这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
五．Since在特殊句型中的应用
句型I：“It is （has been）+时间+since+持续性动词的过去时”，表示“自从……以来到现在已有多久。”例如：
It has been quite some time since I was last in London.我上次离开伦敦至今颇有一段时间了。
句型II：“It was+时间+since+持续性动词的过去完成时”,表示“从……到过去某时间点以来”，例如：It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这已呆了三年。
LuckySXyd -
since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从……以来”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义，而不了解其用法，在使用时就会造成错误。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：“自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此，那么正确的含义是什么呢？
下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。
二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
I haven"t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了？
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。
It"s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven"t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
试比较：1. Since I"ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
由此可见，since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn"t study English.
It"s two months since you didn"t come to see me.
正确的说法为：
It"s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven"t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。
一自萧关起战尘 -
她来我们学校三年了。可以这样说：
It is three years since she came to our school. 也可以这样说：
It has been three years since she came to our school.
说明：1）since 是连词，汉译是“自从...以
来”.
2）从过去一直延续到现在的动作用现完
成时，时间状语用for...或since...
3）come是瞬间动词，不可以和表示一段的
时间状语连用。然而我们想表达“来了
一段时间了”这个意思，就改变说法，
可以换词（就是把come 换成be in)
也可以换句型,可以换成it is(has
been)+时间+since+主语+瞬间动词的过
去式。
那么“她来我们学校三年了。”可以翻译成：1. She has been in our school for three years. 2.It is (has been)three years since she came to our school. 3.Three years has passed since she came to our school.4. She came to our school three years ago.但不可以说：She has come to our school for three years.
天线宝宝说害怕 -
since的用法：译作“自从…以来”
(1)接时间点：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995.要求：谓v.用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词.
(2)接一段时间 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago.要求：谓v.用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词.
(3)接时间状语从句：如 I have loved her since I met her last time./ Lily has stayed at home since she left school.要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词；从句的谓v.用一般过去时,而且须是终止性动词.
(4)用于句型“It"s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句”中,译作“自从…以来,已经…(时间)了”.如 It"s / has been three months since he moved to this city.要求：主句的谓v.用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓v.用一般过去时,而且须是终止性动词.
(5)用于句型“一段时间 + has passed since + 时间状语从句”中,译作“自从…以来,…
(时间)已经过去了”.如上个例句还可写成：Three months has passed since he moved to this city.要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时,而且动词必须是has passed；从句的谓v.用一般过去时,而且须是终止性动词.
(6)注：当since用于否定句时,主句的谓v.可以是终止性动词.如 He hasn"t seen the film since last month.
(7)相关词组：“从那时起”：ever since、since then、from then on.
注：ever since作为一个词组,放句尾可单独使用.如I have given up smoking ever since.另外,还可在since后接句子.since前加ever,只是加重语气而已.如 I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough.
(8) since还可引导原因状语从句,译作“由于；因为”,相当于because.如 Since he was lazy,he didn"t finish his homework.
臭打游戏的长毛
-
具体你可以参考这一段。
when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别
when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
①
Why
do
you
want
a
new
job
when
youve
got
such
a
good
one
already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
②Sorry，I
was
out
when
you
called
me．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike
while
the
iron
is
hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。
④
The
students
took
notes
as
they
listened．（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用
when。
①When
he
had
finished
his
homework，he
took
a
short
rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
②When
I
got
to
the
airport，the
guests
had
left．（got
to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
①When
／While
／As
we
were
dancing，a
stranger
came
in．（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
②When
／While
／As
she
was
making
a
phonecall，I
was
writing
a
letter．（make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
3．当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用
as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
①
As
the
time
went
on，the
weather
got
worse．（as表示“随着……”之意）
②
The
atmosphere
gets
thinner
and
thinner
as
the
height
increases．随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
③As
years
go
by，China
is
getting
stronger
and
richer．随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
④The
little
girls
sang
as
they
went．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
⑤The
sad
mother
sat
on
the
roadside，shouting
as
she
was
crying．伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。
4．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
①You
shall
borrow
the
book
when
I
have
finished
reading
it．在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
②When
the
manager
comes
here
for
a
visit
next
week，Ill
talk
with
him
about
this．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。
sb．had
hardly（＝scarcely）
done
sth．when．．．＝Hardly
／
Scarcely
had
sb．done
sth．when．．．
①I
had
hardly
／scarcely
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door．＝Hardly
／
Scarcely
had
I
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
②I
had
hardly
／scarcely
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang．＝Hardly
／Scarcely
had
I
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang．我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。
北营 -
副词
ad.
(常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)
1.此后;从那时到现在
She
left
school
three
years
ago
and
has
worked
as
a
nurse
ever
since.
她三年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。
2.之前,以前
介词
prep.
1.(常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今
I
haven"t
heard
from
him
since
last
year.
我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。
连接词
conj.
1.(常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今
It"s
been
ten
years
since
they
married.
他们结婚到现在已经十年了。
She
has
been
living
a
hard
life
since
her
husband
died.
她自从丈夫死后,一直过着艰苦的生活。
2.既然;因为,由于
He
must
have
taken
the
book
since
it
isn"t
here.
他一定是把书拿走了...副词
ad.
(常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)
1.此后;从那时到现在
She
left
school
three
years
ago
and
has
worked
as
a
nurse
ever
since.
她三年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。
2.之前,以前
介词
prep.
1.(常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今
I
haven"t
heard
from
him
since
last
year.
我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。
连接词
conj.
1.(常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今
It"s
been
ten
years
since
they
married.
他们结婚到现在已经十年了。
She
has
been
living
a
hard
life
since
her
husband
died.
她自从丈夫死后,一直过着艰苦的生活。
2.既然;因为,由于
He
must
have
taken
the
book
since
it
isn"t
here.
他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。
Since
it
is
so
hot,
let"s
go
swimming.
既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。
u投在线 -
楼主都能理解到
since
which
,
就不难理解
since
when
了啊,
明显的非限定性定语从句啊,
但这个先行词是个时间,就像其他从句里一样啊,
when
指代时间词,
所以不能用which
.原因很简单,
when
指代时间.
相信楼主能明白.不明白就追问.
先行词明显是
in
1998
就因为用了when
所以才能这么说,which
指代的是物,
一个固定的事物,
1998
是个数字,是个年份,所以能用which
指代,而
in
1998
才是时间,对时间提问才要用When
,when
在某些特定的环境下,或特殊的从句中才能够用
in
which
代替,这是规则,不是规矩.并不是从哪看到的when
都要非把它拆开成in
which
.
空格的部分当然可以填
since
in
1998
,如果能填得下,那么这么填没有错误,
再说楼主自己都说了,since
when
=since
in
which
,所以不可以填
since
which
啊.
最起码中间要有in
.何况这里是对时间的从句,不是对年份的从句,也就是说这个从句是修饰时间的,不是修饰年份的.明白没?
恩,他说的有道理,楼主研究研究他的答案吧.
ardim -
since
[sins]
adv.
1.
此后，自那以后；后来2.
之前，以前
prep.
1.
从…至今：例句:
there
have
been
many
changes
since
the
war.
从战争到现在发生了许多变化。2.
自从…，自…算来，自…以来：例句:
it
has
been
raining
since
morning.
从早晨到现在一直在下雨。
conj.
1.
以后，在…以后的时间里：例句:
she
has
rung
me
once
since
she
left.
她离家后给我来过一次电话。2.
[常前接
ever]
自…以来，自…至今：例句:
i"ve
been
busy
ever
since
i
came
back.
自我回来后一直在忙。3.
因为；既然：例句:
since
this
is
so,it"s
better
to
accept
it.
既来之，则安之。
短语
1.
ever
since自…以来；一直到今2.
long
since很久以前，早已3.
since
when自什么时候起，打什么时候开始
kikcik -
since可以是介词后面加名词，一般都是过去的事，句子的谓语用现在完成时。如I
have
lived
here/have
been
living
here
since
1990.
He
has
been
reading
since
breakfast.
也可以是连词，后面接过去时的句子，主句也用现在完成时，因此我们可以说since是现在完成时的标志。如
He
has
taught
here
/has
been
teaching
here
since
he
graduated
from
colleage.
此外还有ever
since.since
then.主干都是现在完成时。
北有云溪 -
It has been 3 years since she was in our school.
他停止吸烟已经三年了。
他已经三年没有吸过烟了。
eg.
It"s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven"t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。
好像不对？
you can look up a grammer dictionary.
有人给你详解了。
莫妮卡住了 -
1)
since
+过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,
last
month,
half
past
six)。
I
have
been
here
since
1989.
2)
since
+一段时间+
ago
I
have
been
here
since
five
months
ago.
3)
since
+从句
Great
changes
have
taken
place
since
you
left.
Considerable
time
has
elapsed
since
we
have
been
here.
4)
It
is
+一段时间+
since从句
It
is
two
years
since
I
became
a
postgraduate
student.
阿里阿涅德 -
1
翻译成
自从，一般是和现在完成时连用的
i
have
studied
here
since
2007
2
翻译成
既然
引导让步状语从句
since
everybody
is
here
,
let"s
start
our
meeting
now.