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Alexander Fleming Profile
AD 1881-AD 1955
Inventor of penicillin Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881, Brookfield. Fleming from 伦敦圣马利亚 hospital medical school graduate, engaged in immunology research; later in World War I as a military doctor, study wound infection. He noted that many antiseptic damage human cells and even damage to the bacteria, he recognized the need for some kind of harmful bacteria and harmless substances in human cells.
After the war Fleming return to St. Mary"s Hospital. In 1922 he was doing experiments, he found a substance called lysozyme mold. Bacteriolysis mold produced in the body, is one component of mucus and tears, harmless to human cells. It can eliminate some of the bacteria, but unfortunately in those particularly harmful bacteria to humans before they do anything. So this discovery though unique, is not very important.
1928 Fleming made his great discovery. In his lab, there is a staphylococcus culture exposed in the air by a mold contamination. Fleming noted that the area around the mold exactly where the bacteria disappear in the medium, he correctly concluded that mold in the production of a Staphylococcus harmful substances. He soon proved that this substance can inhibit the growth of many other harmful bacteria. This substance ── his name according to its producers mold (Penicillium) named it penicillin ── are non-toxic to humans or animals effect.
Fleming"s results were published in 1929, but initially did not pay serious attention. Fleming pointed out that penicillin would have important uses, but he could not invent a purifying penicillin technology, makes this a panacea for more than a decade has not been able to use.
Finally late in the 1930s, two British medical researchers Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris money grace came across Fleming"s articles. He repeated his work, confirmed his results. They then purified penicillin, to try to laboratory animals; 1941 patient trial. They experiment clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the new drug has amazing.
In the British and US governments to encourage, now pharmaceutical companies entered the field, soon we found a way to mass production of penicillin. At first, the use of penicillin just to leave the war-wounded, but by 1944, the British and American citizens in medical treatment can be used. When the war ended in 1945, penicillin had been all over the world.
The discovery of penicillin to find other antibiotics is a huge promotion, this research led to the invention of a number of other "wonder drug," but penicillin is the most widely used antibiotics.
Penicillin continues to maintain a leading position because of its many harmful microbes are valid. The drug can be effective in the treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea, scarlet fever, diphtheria, and certain types of arthritis, bronchitis, meningitis, blood poisoning, bone infections, pneumonia, gangrene, and many other diseases.
Another advantage is the large safety margin of penicillin use. Five hundred thousand units of penicillin dosage for certain infections is effective, but daily injections of one million units of penicillin and no side effects. While a few people are allergic to penicillin, but the drug is both effective and safe ideal drug for most people.
Since penicillin has saved the lives of millions of lives, and in the future will definitely save more lives, and therefore the importance of Fleming No one questioned the invention. His exact position of a roster, as in this book position, naturally depending on how many people think that credit should Flory and money power in the ex. I think that the main credit goes Fleming, because he made a major discovery. Without him, maybe too many years later before the invention of penicillin. And his results once published, will sooner or later invented penicillin production and purification of advanced technology, which is natural.
Fleming happy married life, to have a child. In 1954 he won the Nobel Prize for their invention, he shared Flory and money reward and grace. Fleming died in 1955.
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Alexander Fleming Profile
AD 1881-AD 1955
Inventor of penicillin Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881, Brookfield. Fleming from 伦敦圣马利亚 hospital medical school graduate, engaged in immunology research; later in World War I as a military doctor, study wound infection. He noted that many antiseptic damage human cells and even damage to the bacteria, he recognized the need for some kind of harmful bacteria and harmless substances in human cells.
After the war Fleming return to St. Mary"s Hospital. In 1922 he was doing experiments, he found a substance called lysozyme mold. Bacteriolysis mold produced in the body, is one component of mucus and tears, harmless to human cells. It can eliminate some of the bacteria, but unfortunately in those particularly harmful bacteria to humans before they do anything. So this discovery though unique, is not very important.
1928 Fleming made his great discovery. In his lab, there is a staphylococcus culture exposed in the air by a mold contamination. Fleming noted that the area around the mold exactly where the bacteria disappear in the medium, he correctly concluded that mold in the production of a Staphylococcus harmful substances. He soon proved that this substance can inhibit the growth of many other harmful bacteria. This substance ── his name according to its producers mold (Penicillium) named it penicillin ── are non-toxic to humans or animals effect.
Fleming"s results were published in 1929, but initially did not pay serious attention. Fleming pointed out that penicillin would have important uses, but he could not invent a purifying penicillin technology, makes this a panacea for more than a decade has not been able to use.
Finally late in the 1930s, two British medical researchers Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris money grace came across Fleming"s articles. He repeated his work, confirmed his results. They then purified penicillin, to try to laboratory animals; 1941 patient trial. They experiment clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the new drug has amazing.
In the British and US governments to encourage, now pharmaceutical companies entered the field, soon we found a way to mass production of penicillin. At first, the use of penicillin just to leave the war-wounded, but by 1944, the British and American citizens in medical treatment can be used. When the war ended in 1945, penicillin had been all over the world.
The discovery of penicillin to find other antibiotics is a huge promotion, this research led to the invention of a number of other "wonder drug," but penicillin is the most widely used antibiotics.
Penicillin continues to maintain a leading position because of its many harmful microbes are valid. The drug can be effective in the treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea, scarlet fever, diphtheria, and certain types of arthritis, bronchitis, meningitis, blood poisoning, bone infections, pneumonia, gangrene, and many other diseases.
Another advantage is the large safety margin of penicillin use. Five hundred thousand units of penicillin dosage for certain infections is effective, but daily injections of one million units of penicillin and no side effects. While a few people are allergic to penicillin, but the drug is both effective and safe ideal drug for most people.
Since penicillin has saved the lives of millions of lives, and in the future will definitely save more lives, and therefore the importance of Fleming No one questioned the invention. His exact position of a roster, as in this book position, naturally depending on how many people think that credit should Flory and money power in the ex. I think that the main credit goes Fleming, because he made a major discovery. Without him, maybe too many years later before the invention of penicillin. And his results once published, will sooner or later invented penicillin production and purification of advanced technology, which is natural.
Fleming happy married life, to have a child. In 1954 he won the Nobel Prize for their invention, he shared Flory and money reward and grace. Fleming died in 1955.