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可数名词的语法特征1、可数名词可以受不定冠词HID_INART“a,an”的修饰。如:
This is a book. 这是一本书。Pass me an egg, please. 请递给我一个蛋。
2、可数名词可以受基数词的修饰。如:There are four pears on the plate. 盘子上有四个梨。
3、可数名词有复数形式。如:Who are those women under the tree? 树下那些女人是谁?
How many people are there in your family? 你们家有几口人?I don"t like pineapples, 我不喜欢菠萝。
4、可数名词的单数形式不能独立使用,必须有“a、an、the、my”等的修饰。
She never wears a hat. 她从不戴帽子。(泛指)Be careful of the dog. 当心那条狗。(特指)
That"s her bag. 那是她的提包。
5. 复数名词可以独立使用,表示泛指。Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物。(泛指)
可数名词的复数形式规则:1.一般在词尾加“s”,如:desk-desks;map-maps;pair-pairs;tree-trees
2.在s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加“-es”,如:class-classes;brush-brushes;watch-watchesbox-boxes
3.名词以“元音字母+y”结尾时,加“-s”;以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,变 y为i,再加“-es”,如:boy-boys;party-parties;factory-factories
4.“辅音字母+o”结尾的词,多数在词尾加“-es”如:potato-potatoes;tomato-tomatoes;radio-radios;zoo-zoos
5.以-f,-fe结尾时,一般先把-f,-fe变为v,再加-es,如:life-lives;half-halves;leaf-leaves;knife-knives
不规则:不规则复数形式的构成,大体有以下几种情况:1. 通过内部元音变化构成复数。如:foot-feet; goose-geese;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice;man-men;woman-women;policeman-policemen但:German-Germans
2. 有些名词的单复数形式相同。如:sheep-sheep;deer-deer;Chinese-Chinese;Japanese-Japanese
3. 有的名词在词尾加-en构成复数。如:child-children;ox-oxen 公牛
常用单数的名词The world 全世界;have a bath 洗澡;have a rest 休息;have a meeting 开会
这里的have叫做乏词义动词,它的后面经常接单数名词。
常用复数的可数名词
有些衣物和工具,如“裤子”“剪刀”等是由相似的两部分组成的,通常用复数。briefs 贴身短内裤;compasses 圆规;glasses 眼镜;jeans 牛仔裤;leggings 绑腿;pants 短裤pajamas 睡衣scales 天平; scissors 剪刀;shorts 短裤;spectacles 眼镜;sunglasses 太阳镜;tights 紧身衣;tongs 钳子trousers 裤子
如:Where are my pajamas? 我的睡衣在哪里?My trousers are too long. 我的裤子太长了。
如果要表示一件衣服或一件工具要用a pair of:He was wearing a pair of gray trousers.他穿一条灰色长裤。Lisa has three pairs of jeans. 莉萨有三条牛仔裤。
一副手套,一双鞋,一双袜子也是用“a pair of”表示a pair of new gloves 一副新手套
a pair of shoes 一双鞋a pair of old socks 一双旧袜子。
因为手套,鞋子,袜子是可以拆开而独立存在的,所以它们不属于常用复数的名词。
常以复数出现名词savings;earnings;doings;arms;fireworks;remains;outskirts;annals;archives;bowels;headquarters; dregs;clothes;stairs;valuables
如:Our total earnings were above forty dollars.我们的总收入超过40美元。
All his valuables were stolen.他的所有贵重物品都被偷了。
复数形式与原义不同一些名词的复数形式具有与原来不同的含义,常用复数。
damage 伤害damages 赔偿金good 好goods 货物green 绿色greens 青菜ground 地面grounds 围院
import 进口imports 进口货look 看looks 外貌manner 方式manners 礼貌 minute 分钟minutes 记录paper 纸papers 文件ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟time 时间times 记录troop 群troops部队
如:Your manners are improving.你的礼貌有长进。
Imports from Africa included coffee, cocoa and olive oil.来自非洲的进口物品包括咖啡、可可和橄榄油。
复数形式,单数概念有些名词的复数形式既可表示单数概念,又可表示复数概念。如:
An accident happened at a crossroads a few metres away from a bank.在离一家银行几米处的一个交叉路口发生了车祸。 There are three crossroads before you turn left.在你左转之前有三个十字路口。In the nineteenth century a new means of communication was developed-the railroad.在19世纪一种新的交通工具发展成功,那就是火车。The fastest means of transport are not always the most comfortable.最快速的交通工具未必是最舒适的。这类名词有:
means 方法crossroads 十字路口headquarters 总部、司令部series 系列species 种类works 工厂steelworks 钢铁厂remains 遗骸corps 团、队barracks 兵营whereabouts 下落tidings 音讯
复合名词改成复数形式一.在词尾加-s或-es1.主体名词在词末
bedroom bedrooms;toothbrush toothbrushes;greenhouse greenhouses;letter-box letter-boxes
2.无主体名词go-between go-betweens;break-in break-ins;has-been has-beens;forget-me-not forget-me-nots;hand-me-down hand-me-downs
二.在主体名词尾加-s或-es:son-in-law sons-in-law;editor-in-chief editors-in-chiefcommander-in-chief commanders-in-chief;passer-by passers-by;vice-premier vice-premiers
三.两个构成部分都要变成复数形式a woman cook-women cooks;a man nurse-men nurses