从句是什么

同位语从句用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来（下面这个材料供参考）： 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如： I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如： I"ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won"t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 vi 是不及物动词， vt 是及物动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词。 及物动词： 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。 如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy. 其实所谓“及物”，就是后面可直接加宾语的动词，有被动形式，而不及物动词是没有被动式的，也不可直接加宾语，需加上介词。 及物动词后面可直接接宾语，不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。我举一个例子，就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。 不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上，也就是后面不能加宾语。 例如：He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词，后面不能加sth。（不能说跑什么东西） 分清及物不及物动词: 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况： a．主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。如： He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b．主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与："主＋谓"结构。 This is the room where I once lived. 类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... n是名词

同位语从句，英语语法，指在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属名词性从句的范畴。定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。区别：1、从句所修饰词不同：同位语从句所修饰词，通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，如belief，doubt，fact，hope等。例句有: He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实，过渡饮酒对健康有害。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例句有:This is the book that l bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的那本书。2、连接词的作用不同：连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether和how可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。例句有: Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school?你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?引导定语从句的连接词是关系词，常见的关系代词和关系副词有that,which，who，whose，whom，when，where，why，as，than，but等。例句有:The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。3、从句作用不同：同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充解释，是中心词的具体内容。例句有: he suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系。例句有: The man that you saw just now is my bother.你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 主语从句用作主语，如：： That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。 宾语从句用作宾语。如： Do you know where he lives? 表语从句用作表语，如： My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。 同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如： The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact） 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如： The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John. 状语从句相当于一个副词，如： When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语） If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。 主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如： I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。 He likes playing football very mucy. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，very much是状语。 名词从句、定语从句 名词从句 名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如： 宾语从句：I don"t know where he will go. 主语从句：Where he will go is unknown. 表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money. 同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的： 1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导： （1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis). （2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job. （3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come. （4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。 例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us. 3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋ that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。 例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us. It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one07s life. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）. 4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because. 例如：The reason why he didn07t go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较： 引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the thing(s) that. 例如：It was told in yesterday07s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory. I know that he will study. I know what he will study. That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. What he works hard at is known to us all. All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。 6． where在名词从句中的使用特点： where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如： 主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown. 宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives? 表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put. 同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays? 7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如： I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is. 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如： What07s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him. Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather. 名词从句考点分析 1．They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET) A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they 析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾 语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他 们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。 2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching. A.didn"t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.didn"t think;was;× D.thought;wasn07t;× 析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句 的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D 两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不 值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。 3．______ is done cannot be undone. A.How B.That C.What D.Where 析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。 而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句 中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝the thing that),才 能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。 4．Take care ______ you don07t make mistakes in the coming exam. A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that 析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。 5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put. A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where, 将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可 选。A、D项皆不合用。 6．______ we can07t get seems better than ______ we have. A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what 析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即 “A seems better that B”结构，根据what＝the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置 于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。 7．______ we"ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用 Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。 8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better cars. A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that 析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选what 填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故 答案为B。 9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday. A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do的形式，且 该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。 10．I don07t think ______ he said something like that is right. A.that B.what C.whether D.when 析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。 因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义， 不做成分的that才合适，故选A。 定语从句 一、 定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词， 而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。 懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。 1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose 作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如： The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语) That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定 语从句中作宾语，可省略) I07m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语) A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which 或that代物，在定从中作主语) 2． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。 例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略) The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We07ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios. (which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用) They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. (which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用) 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代 词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping07s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。) He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which) 三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him. 2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That07s the only watch that I like most. 3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me. 4） 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need? 5） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him? 2． 不用that的场合如下： 1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）.名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句.同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,介宾从句）中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系如果您满意我的回答,手机提问的朋友在客户端右上角评价点【满意】即可!

从字面意思看，同位语从句即是一个和前面的词 同位 的句子。同位，简单地理解， 就是 平起平坐 的意思，不表修饰关系，只是表示补充说明。The news that we won the game made us excited. 我们赢了那场比赛，这个消息让我们很激动。此句中 the news 就是 we won the game，we won the game和the news是同位关系，补充说明the news的内容， 故 它是一个同位语从句。that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，这是同位语从句与定语从句的最大区别。比较The news that he told us made us excited。他告诉我们的那个消息让我们很激动。此句中that 在从句中做told的宾语，故它是一个定语从句，先行词是the news，从句与先行词是修饰关系。

同位语从句 1、概述 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,instruction,reason,information,question等之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释.引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether外,还有关系代词what,which,who,以及关系副词how,when,where,why等.It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康,这是事实.I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思.He made the suggestion that we go by train.他建议我们坐火车去.There is no doubt that he is guilty.毫无疑问,他是有罪的. 2、由从属连词that,whether引导的同位语从句.Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露,大学将招收更多的中学毕业生.The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑.The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.I didn"t receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息. 3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句.The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来.You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么. 4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句.I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来.They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明.

同位语从句，是指跟在一个名词后面，对这个名词做进一步解释的句子。这些名词一般是抽象名词，如：news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, order...一般油that引导，它在句子中不充当成分，不用翻译，但是不可以省略。举例：The news that they won the match is true.简略来说就是The news is true; they won the match 只是解释news。另外还可以用how, where, when, why, who 连接。连接时这些词都表示疑问。例如:I have no idea who took my bay away.who 就是表示疑问“谁？”

同位语从句 1、概述 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,instruction,reason,information,question等之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释.引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether外,还有关系代词what,which,who,以及关系副词how,when,where,why等.It is a fact that *** oking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康,这是事实.I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思.He made the suggestion that we go by train.他建议我们坐火车去.There is no doubt that he is guilty.毫无疑问,他是有罪的. 2、由从属连词that,whether引导的同位语从句.Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露,大学将招收更多的中学毕业生.The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑.The idea that puters can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.I didn"t receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息. 3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句.The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来.You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么. 4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句.I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来.They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明.

同位语从句，指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系，即被解释说明的词等于同位语。定语从句，也称关系从句、形容词性从句，是指一类由关系词引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。在英语中，定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。关系构成关系从句的句法功能主要是充当定语。在英语中，关系从句通常位于它所修饰的词、词组之后。被关系从句修饰的词、词组叫做先行词，引导关系从句的词称为关系词，关系词指代先行词并在关系从句中充当一定的成分。This is the book which interests me.“which interests me”是关系从句，修饰先行词“book”，而关系词“which”指代先行词“book”并在关系从句中充当主语。这句话可以拆分为两个句子来理解，“This is the book.”和“The book interests me.”。

同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来. 下面这个材料供参考. =========================== 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。纾? I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如： I"ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won"t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别。 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如： The news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。） The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。） 2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如： The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。） The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 （that在从句中作gave的宾语。）