天线宝宝说害怕 -
直接引语和间接引语的区别？
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——>
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：
She said to her son, “I"ll check your homework tonight.” ——>
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——>
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2、时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——>
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——>
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——>
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——>
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——>
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven"t heard from my parents these days.” ——>
He said that he hadn"t heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I"ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——>
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “You"d better drink plenty of water.” ——>
The doctor said I"d better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——>
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn"t hand in your compositions today.”——>
The teacher said we needn"t/didn"t need to/didn"t have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好
8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
now （then）； tomorrow （the next / following day ）
today (that day）； next week （the next / following week / month / year）
yesterday（the day before） two days ago（ two days before ）
last week /month/ year (the week/month/ year before) this week/month/year (that week/month/ year)
2）指示代词：these 变成those
3）地点状语：here变成there
She said, “I won"t come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn"t go there any more..
4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I"ll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I"m late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——>
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren"t you?”——>
He asked whether I was interested in English.
3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——>
He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——>
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What"s your name?”——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——>
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——>
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——>
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don"t touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——>
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6）有些含有“建议”——>、“劝告”——>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let"s have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me.
7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——>
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
嵌套间接引语的从句：
如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句，则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句，英文叫：the subordinate clause in indirect statement。这时，这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。如：
Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 统帅曾常说，那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。
qui fugisset[逃跑] 是一句关系从句，修饰militem “士兵”，由于处在dicebat [说]后面的间接引语当中，因此需使用虚拟语气。间接引语的动词是不定式 daturum esse[将受到]，为将来时，因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后，而 fugisset [逃跑]为虚拟语气的过去完成时，表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了
如何把直接引语变间接引语
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
[编辑本段]如何变句型
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don"t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let"s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I"m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
可可科科 -
直接引语 间接引语 一
当把某人说过的话告诉给另外的人时，应用间接引语。由直接引语变为间接引语时，不论哪类句子，都要注意时态、人称代词、限定词、表示时间或地点的词语以及词序的相应变化问题。
（一）陈述句的间接引语
陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语，如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态不变。但若引述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词形式需做相应变化。
1. 如果直接引语的时态是一般现在时，则其间接引语用一般过去时；如果直接引语是现在进行时，则其间接引语用过去进行时；如果直接引语是现在完成体,则其间接引语用过去完成体。例如:
Tom: "I need to go to the bank."
Tom said (that) he needed to go to the bank.
Pam: "I"m waiting for Harriet."
Pam said (that) he was waiting for Harriet.
He said, "The secretary has turned down the proposal."
He said (that) the secretary had turned down the proposal.
2. 当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变为过去完成体。例如:
Susan: "I moved to another flat."
Susan said (that) she had moved to another flat.
3. 如果直接引语的时态为将来时，则需在间接引语中把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如:
He said, "We"re spending next weekend at home."
He said they were spending the next weekend at home.
He said: "The sausages will go off if you don"t cook them today."
He said the sausages would go off if you didn"t cook them that day.
He said: "The house is to be pulled down next month."
He said the house was to be pulled down the next month.
需要注意的是：
1)当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯动作以及格言；或动作所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续；或原话的动词是虚拟式时，尽管陈述动词为过去时态，但间接引语中动词时态不变。例如:
He said, "The word "laser" is an acronym."
He said the word "laser" is an acronym.
"I suggest the meeting be postpone till tomorrow," he said.
He suggest the meeting be postpone till the following day.
"I"m eighteen," she said.
She said she is eighteen.
2)当直接引语的时态为过去进行体，或间接引语中的一般过去时、过去进行时作想象性用法时，间接引语时态可不变。另外，时间状语分句中的一般过去时或过去进行体在间接引语中可以不变。例如:
Rose said, "I was waiting for you."
Rose said he was waiting for me.
Bob said, "I wish I knew the answer."
Bob said he wished he knew the answer.
My mother said, "I"d rather you lived closer to me."
My mother said she rather I lived closer to her.
He said, "If you called on me tomorrow, I could spare one hour for you."
He said if I called on him the next day he could spare one hour for me.
直接引语 间接引语 二
Sam said, "When I lived in Tokyo, I often saw Yangke."
Sam said when he lived in Tokyo, he often saw Yangke.
（二）间接引语构成的几点说明
A.代词的改变
代词的改变与否依转述者的着眼点而定。
例如:
Ann said,"I will send you a card, Sue."（安实际说的话）
Ann told Sue she would send her a card.（别人转述的话）
Ann told me she would send me a card.（安转述的话）
I told Sue (that) I would send her a card.（安转述的话）
B.时间和地点的改变
当直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语和地点状语也要随之改变。
例如:
Mr Black said, "We started learning Chinese last month."
Mr Black said they had started learning Chinese last month.（同一月内引述）
Mr Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month.（可在同一月内，也可不在同一月内引述）
He said: "I first met your sister here."
He said that he had first met my sister there.
当直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语、地点状语及动词的改变可遵循以下规则：
时间：
直接引语 间接引语
now immediately/then
two day ago two days before/earlier
this morning that morning
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next/following day
yesterday the previous day/the day before
last night the night before
next week the next week
the day before yesterday two days before
the day after tomorrow two days after, in two days" time
地点：
直接引语 间接引语
here there（当所谈地点明确时）
this place that place
these places those places
动词：
直接引语 间接引语
come go
bring take
当直接引语变为间接引语时，情态助动词的变化规则如下：
A)can, will, might
直接引语变为间接引语时，现在时的情态助动词变为过去时的情态助动词:can变为could; will变为would; may变为might.
例如：
"I can/will/may see you later," he promised.
He said he could/would/might see me later.
B)shall
shall用来指对将来的预言、预见时，在间接引语里变为would。
例如：
"I shall tell him exactly what I mean," she said.
She said she would tell him exactly what she meant.
shall用于提议、建议、或征求意见时，在间接引语里变为should。
直接引语 间接引语 三
例如：
She asked, "Shall I speak to him in person?"
She asked whether she should speak to him in person.
C)should/shouldn"t
should或shouldn"t指的是义务或可能时，在间接引语里保持不变。
例如：
"You should see a doctor," he told me.
He told me I should see a doctor.
代替would的should。
例如：
"If I were you, I should get another lawyer."
She said (that) if she were me, she would get another lawyer.
D)would, could, might, ought to, needn"t have, used to
这些词语（包括可用的否定形式），在间接引语里均保持不变。
例如：
"I would like an appointment tomorrow," I said to my dentist.
I told my dentist(that) I would like an appointment the next day.
"You ought to slow down a bit," the doctor told him.
The doctor him (that) he ought to slow down a bit.
E)must
当must指过去时，如表不可推卸的义务，在间接引语里可以保持不变，也可用had to 代替。例如：
"I must warn you of the consequences," he said.
He told me he must/had to warn me of the consequences.
must说明将来的必要性是也可以保持不变， 或由 would have to 代替，有时亦可由had to 代替。例如：
"We must go early tomorrow," she said.
She said they must go early the next day.
She said they would have to go early the next day.
She said they had to go early the next day.
当 must被用来表推论或可能性时，在间接引语里也保持不变， 并且不可由had to 代替。例如:
"George must be a fool to behave like that," he said.
He said George must be a fool to behave like that.
must have, could have这样的形式（包括可用的否定形式），在间接引语里均保持不变。例如:
"I must have slept through the alarm," she said.
She said she must have slept through the alarm.
F)needn"t
needn"t在间接引语里可以保持不变，也可由didn"t have to来代替。
例如:
"You needn"t/don"t have to come tomorrow," the boss said.
The boss said I needn"t/didn"t have to come in the next day.
（三）疑问句的间接引语
疑问句的间接引语不用引号和问号，而要改变词序。
例如：
He asked me,"Do you play chess?"
He asked me if/whether I played chess.
She asked, "Did you go home?"
She asked me if I had gone home.
引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if 引导，而引述选择疑问句时，通常只用whether引导。
例如:
"Does he really mean it?"
I wonder whether/if he really meant it.
"Are you ready?"
直接引语 间接引语 四
He asked me whether/if I am/was ready.
"Can I have it?"
He asked whether/if he can/could have it.
"Did you want any dinner or not?"
He wanted to know whether we want any dinner.
"Is this room yours or his?"
He asked me whether this room was mine or his.
引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中wh-的引导。
例如:
He asked, "Where are you going?"
He asked (us) where we were going.
She asked,"Who is in charge here?"
She asked (me) who was in charge there.
He asked, "Which firm makes these parts?"
He asked (me) which firm makes/made those parts.
The chairman asked, "What caused the accident?"
The chairman asked (me) what caused /had caused the accident.
My sister asked, "Whose novel will won the prize?"
My sister asked (me) whose novel would win the prize.
有些疑问句徒具形式，实际上并非提出询问，而是表示请求、提议、劝告等含义，引述此类疑问句时，要注意将意思表达清楚。例如:
"How do I prepare the sauce?"
He wanted to know how to prepare the sauce.
"Would you buy me some stamps?"
He asked me to buy him some stamps.
"May I speak to the manager?"
She wanted to speak to the manager.
"Why don"t you send it back to the supermarket?"
She suggested that I (should) send it back to the supermarket.
（四）祈使句和感叹句的间接引语
祈使句可用适当的动词后跟不定式来转述。常用的动词有：advise, ask, instruct, remind, tell, warn, etc. 例如:
"Keep a record of your expenses."
I told him to keep a record of his expenses.
"Don"t make a mess in the room."
I warned him not to make a mess in the kitchen.
"Remember to switch off all the lights," she said.
She reminded me to switch off all the lights.
引述感叹句有两种方式，一种以what, how, 或that 做引导词，另一种是根据原句意义进行改写，将直接引语变为含义相当的间接引语。例如:
"What a clever boy you are!" she exclaimed.
She told him what a clever boy he was.
She told him that he was a clever boy.
"What a lovely cat!"
He remarked what a lovely cat it was.
He remarked that it was a lovely cat.
"What a nuisance!"
He said with disgust.
"Good evening!"
He greeted me.
北营 -
一,直接引语和间接引语的定义:
直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语.
用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语.
一、如何变人称：
学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don"t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let"s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
小菜G的建站之路 -
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1． 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said , "You are younger than I."-"He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven"t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked , "Where do you live?"
→He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don"t 变为not ）.
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don"t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.